A Complete Guide about Motor Start Capacitors For Your Motors?

Motor Start Capacitors

In this article, we will take a closer look at a type of single-phase induction motors called Motor Start Capacitors. An induction motor is an alternating current electric motor in which the current in the rotor required to generate torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field in the stator windings. 

What is Capacitor Start Induction Motor?

Motor Start Capacitors are single phase induction motors that use capacitors in the auxiliary winding circuit to produce a large phase difference between the currents in the main and auxiliary windings and increase the phase difference between the main winding current and the auxiliary winding current. The name indicates that the motor uses a capacitor to start.

The term condenser start means that the motor starts with the help of a condenser. Motor Start Capacitors are available from various suppliers and companies as well as other manufacturers and distributors.

What are Start And Run Motor Capacitors?

The squirrel cage moving part of an induction motor driven by Motor Start Capacitors has two windings. The primary or auxiliary winding and the main or running winding. In space, the two coils are separated by a 90 degree angle.

Start VS Run Motor Capacitors

In the motor's characteristic starting winding, the starting capacitor causes a current delay of the voltage. The current is gradually increased, giving the motor a chance to start rotating in the current field. A working capacitor uses the charge in the insulator to amplify the current that powers the motor.

Construction 

A Motor Start Capacitors has a cage rotor and two windings on the stator. They are known as main and auxiliary windings or starting windings. The two coils are placed 90 degrees apart. The CS capacitor is connected in series with the starting coil. An SC centrifugal switch is also connected to the circuit.

Working Principle

When the stator windings of Motor Start Capacitors in single-phase supply power is energized, different currents flow in the main and starting windings. There is a 90° time phase difference and a 90° area difference between the two currents. These two currents create a rotating magnetic field that starts the motor.

When we starts the engine of Motor Start Capacitors, the main and auxiliary windings are connected in parallel. The starting capacitor stays in the circuit long enough to quickly bring the motor up to a preset speed (usually about 70-80% of full speed).

Also read: Why Motor Start Capacitors Are Essential For Your Motors?

Characteristic

  • Capacitor start coils start the motor and warm-up at a slow speed, making them suitable for applications with frequent or long starting periods.
  • Power ratings for these motors range from 120 watts to 7-5 kW.
  • It produce much higher torque, approximately 3 to 4.5 times full load torque.
  • The worth of the beginning capacitor ought to be enormous.
  • Start winding resistance valve must be low.

Advantages

Advantages of Motor Start Capacitors are given below.

  • With high starting torque and low starting current, capacitor start induction motors have a wide range of applications.
  • Because the capacitor is in series with the starting circuit, it produces more torque (typically 200-400% of rated load). Also, when starting, it typically starts at 450-575% of its rated current, which is much lower than the split type due to the thick wires in the starting circuit. This allows for higher cycle rates and reliable thermal protection.
  • Starting capacitors are generally larger than capacitive induction motors, and using 7 to 9 farad capacitors improves the performance of the motor after starting.
  • This engine configuration works so well that it is available in multiple horsepower (multi-kilowatt) sizes

Applications

  • These motors are used for high inertia loads that require frequent starting.
  • It is used for a wide range of belt drive applications such as small conveyors, large blowers, and machine tools.
  • They are used in pumps and compressors.
  • It is used in refrigerator compressors and air conditioners.
  • It is also used in many direct or direct drive applications.

Location: Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

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